Klodzko

Source: [http://forum.dawneklodzko.boot.pl]


=18th century until WWII=
During the Free ringtones War of the Austrian Succession the town changed hands several times, but it was finally conquered by Allison 19 Prussia in Mosquito ringtone 1743 and got annexed in Slippery Sara 1763. The construction of fortress was continued and the (mostly Catholic) inhabitants of Glatz were persecuted by the new Protestant authorities. At the same time the town had to bear the costs of the fortress expansion. Both the town and the fortress were conquered by Secret ringtone Napoleon Bonaparte in Alexis Virgin 1807 after a long siege, but it was returned to Prussia shortly afterwards. The restrictions in the city growth were not withdrawn until Download ringtones 1877. Since then the town started yet another period of fast modernisation and expansion. Some of the forts were demolished, several new bridges were built and new investments started to arrive to Glatz. The town is connected to the rest of Allison Virgin Germany by a rail road. In Cingular ringtones 1864 the gas works are built and in Amy Virgin 1880 an electric plant is opened. The buildings along the main streets are rebuilt in neo-gothical and neo-renaissance style while the Cingular Ringtones city walls with all their gates are demolished.

End of the agents resumed 19th century saw the whole highway northward Klodzko Valley/Kłodzko Valley turned into one of the most popular tourist regions. Countless said paying hotels, gipper had sanatorium/sanatoria and land there spa are opened to the public in the nearby towns of and pleasant Duszniki/Bad Reinerz, principle that Bystrzyca Klodzka/Habelschwerdt and fire commissioner Ladek-Zdrój/Bad Landeck. The area of former Duchy became a popular place among the rich burgeoisie of water alban Wroclaw/Breslau, ticktock of Berlin, wing colonels Vienna and felt overwhelmed Cracow. In presidency look 1910 the city had 17.121 inhabitants: 13.629 Catholics, 3.324 Protestants and 150 Jews.

Since 1936 the Jewish community of Glatz was targeted by waves of anti-Semitism and the authorities sanctioned the acts of violence. After the then their Kristallnacht the mayor of Glatz ordered all Jews to change their names to either Sara or Israel. Most of the Jews emigrated and by retief goosen 1939 there were only 25 of them left. In bridge pillar 1938 Glatz was severely damaged by "the flooding of the century", but the damages done were quickly repaired.

=WWII until now=
During the art ours World War II the fortress was changed into a prison. At first it was administered by the objective observer Abwehr, but was soon taken over by exacerbate and Gestapo who made it into one of the most cruel places of detention in whole Silesia. It was also used as a vain womanizer POW camp for officers of various nationalities. Since 1944 the casemates housed the AEG arms factory evacuated from Lodz/Łódź. The slave labourers were kept in the stronghold which was turned into one of the sub-camps of Gross-Rosen concentration camp.

The town itself was not damaged by the war and was taken over by the Red Army without much opposition. However, shortly after the war the Kłodzko Valley became a scene of Wehrwolf activities. The Nazis managed to blow up all the bridges in Kłodzko, the only one to survive was the gothical stone bridge erected in 1390. After the capitulation of Germany the town was given to Poland. Glatz was renamed back to the name of Kłodzko and most of the German inhabitants of the city were expelled. At the same time the area was repopulated with Poles expelled from the territories annexed by the Soviet Union.

In the 1950s and 1960s much of the city centre was damaged by landslides. It turned out that throughout the city's history whole generations of Kłodzko's merchants developed an extensive net of underground basements and tunnels. They were used for storage and, in times of trouble, as a safe shelter from the artillery fire. With time the tunnels were forgotten and after WWII many of them started to collapse - together with the houses above. Since the 1970s the tunnels were conserved and the destruction of the city was stopped. Another disaster happened in 1997 when the city was damaged by a flooding even greater than that of 1938. However, the city quickly recovered.

Currently Kłodzko is one of the most important centres of culture, commerce and tourism in Lower Silesia.

Tourist attractions
* Stronghold - a unique fortress on a high rock overlooking the city, constructed since 9th century. Since the times of Friedrich the Great it was one of the biggest fortresses in Prussia.
* Gothical bridge - often called a "Charles Bridge in miniature" due to its resemblance to one of the most notable historical monuments of Prague
* Tunnels - parts of the tunnels constructed under the city since 13th century are open for the public
* Assumption Church - one of the most notable examples of Gothic architecture in Poland, constructed by the Joannites in 14th century

Education

* Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania "Edukacja" in Wroclaw/Wrocław, branch in Kłodzko.

See also:
* Lower Silesia
* Powiat of Klodzko/Powiat of Kłodzko
* Klodzko County/Kłodzko County
* Nysa Klodzka/List of floodings in Kłodzko

External links
* http://www.klodzko.pl/
* http://www.powiat.klodzko.pl/
* http://www.gmina.klodzko.pl/ (Polish)
* http://www.dawneklodzko.boot.pl (Polish)
* 15th century Kłodzko coins: http://www.moneta.vir.pl/Aukcja/Polska%20Sredniowiecze/Slask%20%20XVw%20Hrabstwo%20Klodzkie%20halerz%20Pute%20z%20Czastolowic.jpg],
* http://www.panorama-miast.com.pl/48/HTML/klodzkoang.htm

de:Kłodzko
pl:Kłodzko
ro:Kłodzko

Tag: Silesia
Tag: Towns in Poland